THE PAPERS.
The full A-Level Economics B specification, broken into the sub-chapters the examiner uses. Pick a paper, pick a topic, see real questions hand-written around real UK events.
Theme 1Markets, consumers and firms
3 sub-chapters live1.1 · Markets
Introducing the market
Supply, demand, equilibrium, the rationing–signalling–incentive triad. The microeconomics that everything else hangs off.
Enter
1.2 · Elasticities
Elasticities
PED, YED, XED, PES. Why a sugar tax shifts consumption 10% and why the demand curve for insulin barely moves.
Enter
1.3 · Credit
The role of credit
Banks, interest, leverage, the 2008 lesson. How credit creation feeds the real economy — and breaks it.
Enter
1.4 · Failures
Market failures (financial)
Asymmetric information, moral hazard, systemic risk. Why finance fails differently from other markets.
Enter
1.5 · Intervention
Market failure & intervention
Externalities, public goods, info gaps, taxes vs subsidies. The Sugar Tax sits here. Read both sides.
Enter
Theme 2The wider economic environment
2 sub-chapters live2.1 · Growth
Business growth
Economies of scale, integration, organic vs M&A. Why Greggs grew slowly and why WeWork didn't.
Enter
2.2 · Demand
AD & its components
Consumption, investment, government, net exports. The multiplier and what it does to a Truss-style fiscal injection.
Enter
2.3 · Supply
AS & productivity
SRAS vs LRAS, productivity gap, the UK's stubborn output-per-hour problem.
Enter
2.4 · Objectives
Macro objectives & trade-offs
Growth, inflation, unemployment, balance of payments. The Phillips curve and why it broke after 2008.
Enter
2.5 · Cycle
The economic cycle
Boom, slowdown, recession, recovery. Output gaps and why automatic stabilisers buy you time but not direction.
Enter
2.6 · Policy
Macroeconomic policy
Fiscal, monetary, supply-side. The 2022 tightening cycle as a worked example of credibility, lags, and unintended consequences.
Enter
Theme 3The global economy
2 sub-chapters live3.1 · Global
Globalisation & trade
Comparative advantage, WTO, GVCs, the slow reversal post-2018. Brexit and the dollar order as case studies.
Enter
3.2 · BoP
Balance of payments
Current account, financial account, the UK's persistent deficit and what it actually costs.
Enter
3.3 · FX
Exchange rates & BoP
Floating vs fixed, sterling after the mini-budget, the Marshall-Lerner condition with real numbers.
Enter
3.4 · Trade
Protectionism & trade blocs
Tariffs, quotas, NTBs, EU vs CPTPP. Who actually gains from steel tariffs.
Enter
3.5 · Development
Emerging economies & development
HDI, primary product dependence, the middle-income trap. Why India's path isn't China's path.
Enter
Theme 4Making markets work
3 sub-chapters live4.1 · Structure
Market structures & competition
Perfect comp through monopoly, contestability, kinked demand. UK supermarkets as the textbook oligopoly.
Enter
4.2 · Costs
Revenue, costs & profit
SR vs LR cost curves, EOS/DOS, the loss-leader strategy and when regulators step in.
Enter
4.3 · Labour
Labour markets
MRP, monopsony, minimum wage, unions. Why the NLW didn't kill employment the way 1999 forecasts said it would.
Enter
4.4 · Intervention
Government intervention & failure
CMA, OFCOM, regulatory capture, Thames Water's £19bn debt. When the cure becomes the disease.
Enter
4.5 · Inequality
Poverty & inequality
Gini, Lorenz, relative vs absolute, the policy levers and what they cost.
Enter
One question, no account.
Pick any topic above and you can answer the first MCQ and submit one essay chain anonymously. After that, sign up to keep your progress.